(German:
"double goer"), in German folklore, a wraith or apparition of a living
person, as distinguished from a ghost. The concept of the existence
of a spirit double, an exact but usually invisible replica of every
man, bird, or beast, is an ancient and widespread belief. To meet
one's double is a sign that one's death is imminent. The doppelgänger
became a popular symbol of horror literature, and the theme took on
considerable complexity. In The Double (1846), by Fyodor Dostoyevsky,
for example, a poor clerk, Golyadkin, driven to madness by poverty
and unrequited love, beholds his own wraith, who succeeds in everything
at which Golyadkin has failed. Finally the wraith succeeds in disposing
of his original. An earlier, well-known story of a doppelgänger appears
in the novel Die Elixiere des Teufels, 2 vol. (1815-16; "The Devil's
Elixir"), by the German writer of fantastic tales E.T.A. Hoffmann.
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photos: Marija
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